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Map Commentary 1665 - 1685

Map of the Government of Cayenne or Equinoctial France. S.l., 1685

  • Ardila Gutiérrez, Javier Ricardo

Published: 2024

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Carte du Gouvernement de Cayenne ou France Aequinoctiale. Gallica. Last modified: September 21, 2015. Accessed, July 17, 2023.  https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53103525g

Carte du Gouvernement de Cayenne ou France Aequinoctiale. Gallica. Last modified: September 21, 2015. Accessed, July 17, 2023. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53103525g

Abstract

In 1665, the French gained control of Cayenne from the Dutch. The new French rule allowed the Jesuit Friars Jean Grillet and François Bechamel to embark on an expedition along the Maroni River. During their journeyings, they recorded geographical and demographical information, which was fundamental for the recognition of the territory and had a definite impact on Charles Inselin (1673-1715), who crafted a map of French Guiana in 1685.

With a more stable settlement in Cayenne after 1676, the French had the opportunity to recognize the abundant population of Guiana. The analysis of the people will become a way of organizing the territory and envisioning a plantation system.1 Most of this new data came from Grillet and Bechamel’s explorations, where they faced several Indigenous people during their expedition. Among them, the Jesuits interacted with the Acoquas, Nouragues, Galibis, Mercious, and Pirioux.2 The testimony of these encounters appeared in the memory of their journey, which materialized as a book in 1684 under the title Journal du Voyage.3

Inselin presented a South-up map of Guiana (this time called “Government of Cayenne” or Equinoctial France) with a list of twenty-four Indigenous Nations. The map offers detailed information on the location of Indigenous people living between the Maroni and the Amazon rivers.4 It will include some of the previously documented nations, such as the Arawak (Aroüaquis), Galibis, Nouragues, Pirious, Paragotes, Palicours, and Supayes, and new and lasting denominations, such as the Acoquas, Aramichous, Aroüa, Coussari, or Mayez, most of them identified by the Jesuit explorers.

The map will also include some descriptions of the geographical features. For example, the cartographer emphasizes how the region between the Oyapock and Amazon rivers used to drown under the sea. It is also interesting to see how the French saw their area of influence in Guiana from the Maroni to the Amazon River. The Portuguese and, ultimately, the Brazilian empires will contest the French territorial claim.5 Not surprisingly, the map also contemplates the location of Portuguese forts on the margins of the Amazon River. There will be several reproductions of this map, both manuscript and printed.6

Map citation:

Charles Inselin. Carte du Gouvernement de Cayenne ou France Aequinoctiale. Map, 21 x 27,5 cm. Bibliothèque Nationale de France - Gallica. Accessed July 17, 2023. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53103525g


  1. Pluchon and Abénon, Histoire des Antilles et de la Guyane, 92. ↩︎

  2. Bernard Montabo and Elie Stephenson, La Guyane: Un Nom, Une Histoire. Tome I. Du XVIIe au XIXe siècle (Paris: Orphie, 2010), 16-17. ↩︎

  3. There is a translation into English under the title A journal of the travels of John Grillet, and Francis Bechamel into Guiana, in the year, 1674: In order to discover the great lake of Parima, and the many cities said to be situated on its banks, and reputed the richest in the world (London: Printed for S. Buckley, 1698). Library of Congress. Accessed August 1, 2024. https://lccn.loc.gov/02009562 ↩︎

  4. It mentions: Acoquas, Arianes, Armagotes, Aramichous, Araacates, Aroüaquis, Aroüa, Aroubas, Acuranes, Coussari, Galibis, Maprouanes, Marones, Menejous, Macabas, Morovies. Mayez, Nouragues, Pirious, Paragotes, Palicours, Supayes, Ticoutous; ↩︎

  5. Mam-Lam-Fouck and Anakesa-Kululuka, Nouvelle Histoire De La Guyane Française, 22. ↩︎

  6. See, for example: FGU0037, FGU0039, FGU0043, FGU0060, and FGU0087 ↩︎

Citation

Ardila Gutiérrez, Javier Ricardo. 2024. 'Map of the Government of Cayenne or Equinoctial France. S.l., 1685'. Dispossessions in the Americas. https://dia.upenn.edu/en/content/FGU0050Y/

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Reading in Spanish

Map Commentary 1665 - 1685

Mapa del Gobierno de Cayena o Francia Ecuatorial. S.l., 1685

  • Ardila Gutiérrez, Javier Ricardo

Published: 2024

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Carte du Gouvernement de Cayenne ou France Aequinoctiale. Gallica. Last modified: September 21, 2015. Accessed, July 17, 2023.  https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53103525g

Carte du Gouvernement de Cayenne ou France Aequinoctiale. Gallica. Last modified: September 21, 2015. Accessed, July 17, 2023. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53103525g

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Reading in Portuguese

Map Commentary 1665 - 1685

Mapa do Governo de Caiena ou França Equatorial

  • Ardila Gutiérrez, Javier Ricardo

Published: 2024

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Resumo

En 1665, os franceses conquistaram dos holandeses o controle de Caiena. A substituição no domínio colonial permitiu que os padres jesuítas Jean Grillet e François Bechamel embarcassem em uma expedição rio acima pelo Maroni. Durante as viagens, os jesuitas compilaram informação geográfica e demográfica fundamental para o futuro reconhecimento do território. Charles Inselin (1673-1715) elaborou um novo mapa da Guiana Francesa em 1685 a partir desses novos dados.

Com uma consolidação mais estável em Caiena a partir de 1676, os franceses tiveram a oportunidade de interagir com a numerosa população guianesa. A identificação dos povos originários e transformou em uma forma de organizar o território e visualizar um possível sistema de plantio. 1 Parte desses novos dados veio das explorações pioneiras de Grillet e Bechamel, que encontraram vários povos indígenas durante suas expedições. Entre eles, os jesuítas interagiram com os Acoquas, Nouragues, Galibis, Mercious e Pirioux. 2 O testemunho desses encontros aparece nas memórias de sua viagem, publicadas como libro em 1684 com o título Journal du Voyage. 3

Inselin apresenta um mapa orientado para o sul que inclui uma lista de 24 nações indígenas da Guiana (dessa vez chamada “Governo de Caiena” ou “França Equinocial”). O mapa oferece informações detalhadas sobre a possível localização de nações indígenas que viviam entre os rios Maroni e Amazonas. 4 A lista inclui povos que já foram previamente documentados em outros mapas, como os Arawak (Arauaques), Galibis, Nouragues, Pirious, Paragotes, Palicours e Supayes. No entando, também apresenta novas denominações, como os Acoquas, Aramichous, Aroüa, Coussari ou Mayez

O mapa também inclui descrições topográficas. Por exemplo, o cartógrafo enfatiza que a região entre os rios Oiapoque e Amazonas costumava ficar submersa ao mar. É interessante observar como os franceses situavam sua área de influência na Guiana desde o rio Maroni até o rio Amazonas. O império português, e logo o brasileiro, disputaram a reivindicação territorial francesa. 5 Assim, não é surpresa o mapa também incluir a localização de fortes portugueses nas margens do rio Amazonas. Embora seja difícil supor o uso, reprodução e circulação desse mapa, foram identificadas diversas versões, tanto manuscritas quanto impressas. 6

Referência do mapa:
Charles Inselin. Carte du Gouvernement de Cayenne ou France Aequinoctiale. Mapa, 21 x 27,5 cm. Bibliothèque Nationale de France - Gallica. Accesso em: 17 de julho de 2023. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53103525g


  1. Pluchon and Abénon, Histoire des Antilles et de la Guyane, 92. ↩︎

  2. Bernard Montabo y Elie Stephenson, La Guyane: Un Nom, Une Histoire. Tome I. Du XVIIe au XIXe siècle (Paris: Orphie, 2010), 16-17. ↩︎

  3. Há uma tradução para o inglês sob o título A journal of the travels of John Grillet, and Francis Bechamel into Guiana, in the year, 1674: In order to discover the great lake of Parima, and the many cities said to be situated on its banks, and reputed the richest in the world (Londres: Printed for S. Buckley, 1698). Library of Congress. Acesso em: 1º de agosto de 2024. https://lccn.loc.gov/02009562 ↩︎

  4. Menciona os Acoquas, Arianes, Armagotes, Aramichous, Araacates, Aroüaquis, Aroüa, Aroubas, Acuranes, Coussari, Galibis, Maprouanes, Marones, Menejous, Macabas, Morovies. Mayez, Nouragues, Pirious, Paragotes, Palicours, Supayes, Ticoutous. ↩︎

  5. Mam-Lam-Fouck and Anakesa-Kululuka, Nouvelle Histoire De La Guyane Française, 22. ↩︎

  6. Ver, por exemplo: FGU0037, FGU0039, FGU0043, FGU0060, and FGU0087. ↩︎

Citation

Ardila Gutiérrez, Javier Ricardo. 2024. 'Mapa do Governo de Caiena ou França Equatorial'. Dispossessions in the Americas. https://dia.upenn.edu/pt/content/FGU0050Y/

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Carte du Gouvernement de Cayenne ou France Aequinoctiale. Gallica. Last modified: September 21, 2015. Accessed, July 17, 2023. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53103525g

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